An Assessment of Procurement Challenges Affecting Agricultural Input Distribution among Small-Scale Farmers in Kalomo District, Zambia

Abstract

Agricultural input procurement is a vital component in enhancing the productivity and livelihoods of small-scale farmers, particularly in rural Zambia. This study assessed the key procurement challenges affecting the distribution of agricultural inputs among small-scale farmers in Kalomo District. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative surveys of 307 smallholder farmers with qualitative interviews of key stakeholders, including agricultural officers and cooperative leaders. The quantitative component utilised structured questionnaires with a 5-point Likert scale to capture perceptions on procurement timeliness, transparency, input quality, stakeholder involvement, and infrastructure. Qualitative interviews explored deeper insights into systemic inefficiencies and governance dynamics. Findings revealed that chronic delays in input delivery, poor road infrastructure, and inadequate storage facilities significantly hindered timely and effective distribution. Delays were strongly correlated with missed planting seasons, directly impacting crop yields and farmer livelihoods. Transparency and accountability deficits, characterised by perceptions of corruption, political interference, and limited stakeholder consultation, emerged as major concerns undermining trust in procurement systems. Input quality was inconsistent, further exacerbating farmer dissatisfaction. The study also found that poor coordination among government agencies and suppliers compounded logistical bottlenecks. The research confirmed the applicability of Stakeholder Theory, emphasising that inclusive governance and active farmer participation are critical for procurement success. Institutional Theory further explained how informal practices, such as patronage and corruption, weaken formal procurement mechanisms in the local context. This study contributes to closing a literature gap by focusing on grassroots-level operational dynamics and stakeholder perceptions in rural Zambia. Policy recommendations include enhancing infrastructure investment, digitalising procurement processes, strengthening transparency and accountability measures, and fostering participatory decision-making to improve agricultural input distribution. Ultimately, this study provides actionable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and development partners aiming to strengthen agricultural supply chains and improve the productivity of small-scale farmers in Zambia and similar settings.